What is the Difference Between an MS and an MA in Counseling?

Master's counseling programs lead to a master of arts (MA) or a master of science (MS) degree. Both programs cover similar material but have subtle differences in their academic approaches — and what they prepare you to do after you earn your degree.

MA programs generally focus more on theory and the human elements involved in counseling. Meanwhile, MS degrees tend to emphasize scientific and evidence-based practices.

Should you pursue an MA in counseling, or would an MS in counseling better match your learning goals? Find out more in this guide.

Choosing the Program Based on Your Educational Background

You'll need a bachelor's degree to qualify for master's programs in counseling. If you already hold a BA, you may find transitioning into an MA in counseling easier. MA programs cover liberal arts concepts similar to those you studied as an undergraduate.

The same principle applies if you have a BS degree. BS programs emphasize quantitative analysis, research methods, and scientific modeling. You'll likely encounter similar components if you pursue an MS in counseling.

Students often enter graduate counseling programs after completing a bachelor's degree in psychology. A bachelor's in psychology is a strong educational base for a master's in counseling, regardless of whether you prefer an arts or science-based focus. However, you should know about the general features that differentiate MA and MS degrees in counseling.

MA in counseling programs usually emphasizes:

• Applied theory
• Therapeutic models and techniques
• Professional ethics

While an MS in counseling covers these topics, coursework typically focuses on:

• Quantitative and statistical analysis
• Research design and research methods
• Evidence-based empiricism

MA programs also tend to have a more general approach. If you prefer to specialize, MS tracks may offer more options.

Is an MS or MA the Right Degree for your Career of Choice?

MA and MS degrees can both lead to similar career paths. In fact, some experts believe there's little to no functional distinction between the degree designations. Whether you choose an MS or MA in counseling, your master's degree will likely satisfy the academic requirements for exams leading to professional certification or licensure.

Additional considerations apply if you plan to pursue a doctorate in counseling. If you're heading toward a doctoral program leading to a Ph.D. or Ed.D., an MA or MS degree can help you get there. Admission officials typically consider MA and MS designations interchangeable when considering candidates for Ph.D. and Ed.D. programs.

However, an MS in counseling may help if you aspire to become a doctor of psychology (Psy.D.). Most Psy.D. programs in counseling specifically deal with counseling psychology, which tends to focus on neuroscience, research methods, and theoretical paradigms. A science-oriented background will likely be helpful in your Psy.D. program, even if it's not explicitly required.

MA and MS graduates have a similar earning potential. According to Payscale data from March 2024, working professionals with an MA in counseling earn average base salaries of $59,000 per year. Meanwhile, those with MS degrees in counseling reported average earnings of $55,000 per year.

Whichever degree you earn, you can enter a career with strong growth prospects. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), substance use counselor jobs are projected to grow 18% from 2022–2032. This percentage far outpaces the average growth rate for all professions.

Page last reviewed on March 6, 2024